Matching articles for "clonidine"

Drugs for Hypertension

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 27, 2024;  (Issue 1703)
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines for treatment of hypertension were last published in 2018. Treatment of hypertensive urgencies and emergencies is not discussed...
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines for treatment of hypertension were last published in 2018. Treatment of hypertensive urgencies and emergencies is not discussed here.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2024 May 27;66(1703):81-8 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Nonopioid Drugs for Pain

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 7, 2022;  (Issue 1645)
Nonopioid drugs can be used in the treatment of many nociceptive and neuropathic pain conditions. For severe pain, especially severe chronic cancer pain, use of opioids may be necessary....
Nonopioid drugs can be used in the treatment of many nociceptive and neuropathic pain conditions. For severe pain, especially severe chronic cancer pain, use of opioids may be necessary. Noninvasive nonpharmacologic treatments, including physical and psychological therapies, have been shown to improve pain and function in patients with some common chronic pain conditions and are unlikely to cause serious harms. A multimodal approach to analgesic therapy can increase pain control while reducing opioid use and adverse effects.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2022 Mar 7;64(1645):33-40 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Hypertension

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 18, 2020;  (Issue 1598)
Drugs available for treatment of chronic hypertension and their dosages, adverse effects, and costs are listed in the tables. Treatment of hypertensive urgencies and emergencies is not discussed...
Drugs available for treatment of chronic hypertension and their dosages, adverse effects, and costs are listed in the tables. Treatment of hypertensive urgencies and emergencies is not discussed here.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2020 May 18;62(1598):73-80 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for ADHD

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • January 27, 2020;  (Issue 1590)
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder that has been diagnosed in up to 10% of school-age children in the US and frequently persists into adulthood. A study...
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder that has been diagnosed in up to 10% of school-age children in the US and frequently persists into adulthood. A study in a large Danish cohort found that ADHD was associated with higher mortality rates in children, adolescents, and adults, mainly due to accidents. Pharmacologic treatment of ADHD in children has been reported to decrease the risk of substance abuse in adolescents, and use of ADHD medications in adults has been associated with a reduced risk of serious traffic accidents and criminal behavior.4-6 Drugs approved by the FDA for treatment of ADHD are listed in Table 1.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2020 Jan 27;62(1590):9-15 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Expanded Table: Some Drugs for Management of Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms (online only)

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 27, 2018;  (Issue 1554)
...
View Expanded Table: Some Drugs for Management of Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2018 Aug 27;60(1554):e144-6 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Lofexidine (Lucemyra) for Opioid Withdrawal

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 16, 2018;  (Issue 1551)
The FDA has approved lofexidine (Lucemyra – US WorldMeds/Salix), a centrally acting alpha2 receptor agonist, to manage withdrawal symptoms in adults abruptly stopping opioid use. Available in the UK...
The FDA has approved lofexidine (Lucemyra – US WorldMeds/Salix), a centrally acting alpha2 receptor agonist, to manage withdrawal symptoms in adults abruptly stopping opioid use. Available in the UK since 1992, lofexidine is the first nonopioid to be approved in the US for management of opioid withdrawal symptoms. Clonidine (Catapres, and generics), another central alpha2 receptor agonist, has been used off-label for this indication for many years.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2018 Jul 16;60(1551):115-7 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Nonopioid Drugs for Pain

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 12, 2018;  (Issue 1540)
Nonopioid drugs can be used in the treatment of many nociceptive and neuropathic pain conditions. Use of opioids for pain will be reviewed in a future...
Nonopioid drugs can be used in the treatment of many nociceptive and neuropathic pain conditions. Use of opioids for pain will be reviewed in a future issue.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2018 Feb 12;60(1540):24-32 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Hypertension

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 13, 2017;  (Issue 1516)
in the US and their dosages, adverse effects, and costs are listed in the tables. Treatment of hypertensive urgencies and emergencies is not discussed...
in the US and their dosages, adverse effects, and costs are listed in the tables. Treatment of hypertensive urgencies and emergencies is not discussed here.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2017 Mar 13;59(1516):41-8 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for ADHD

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 16, 2015;  (Issue 1464)
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disruptive behavior disorder that has been diagnosed in up to 10% of school-age children in the US, most often in boys, and frequently persists into...
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disruptive behavior disorder that has been diagnosed in up to 10% of school-age children in the US, most often in boys, and frequently persists into adulthood. A recent study in a large Danish cohort found that ADHD was associated with increased mortality in children, adolescents, and adults, mainly due to accidents. Pharmacologic treatment of ADHD has been reported to lower the risk of serious traffic accidents and criminal behavior.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2015 Mar 16;57(1464):37-40 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Hypertension

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 1, 2014;  (Issue 141)
Most recent guidelines recommend a BP goal of 140/90 mm Hg. For patients ≥60 years old without diabetes or chronic kidney disease, one guideline recommends 150/90 mm Hg both as the drug treatment...
Most recent guidelines recommend a BP goal of 140/90 mm Hg. For patients ≥60 years old without diabetes or chronic kidney disease, one guideline recommends 150/90 mm Hg both as the drug treatment initiation threshold and treatment target; this higher target is controversial, except in patients ≥80 years old.
Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2014 May;12(141):31-8 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Pain

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 1, 2013;  (Issue 128)
Pain can be acute or chronic. The two major types of chronic pain are nociceptive pain and neuropathic pain. Nociceptive pain can be treated with nonopioid analgesics or opioids. Neuropathic pain is less...
Pain can be acute or chronic. The two major types of chronic pain are nociceptive pain and neuropathic pain. Nociceptive pain can be treated with nonopioid analgesics or opioids. Neuropathic pain is less responsive to opioids and is often treated with adjuvant drugs such as antidepressants and antiepileptics. Combining different types of analgesics may provide an additive analgesic effect without increasing adverse effects.
Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2013 Apr;11(128):31-42 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Hypertension

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • January 1, 2012;  (Issue 113)
Drugs available in the US for treatment of chronic hypertension, with their dosages and adverse effects, are listed in the tables that begin on page 2. Combination products are listed on page 8. Drugs...
Drugs available in the US for treatment of chronic hypertension, with their dosages and adverse effects, are listed in the tables that begin on page 2. Combination products are listed on page 8. Drugs for treatment of hypertensive emergencies are not discussed here. They were reviewed previously.
Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2012 Jan;10(113):1-10 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Treatment of ADHD

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 1, 2011;  (Issue 105)
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disruptive behavior disorder that occurs in about 5% of school-age children, most often in boys, and frequently persists into young...
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disruptive behavior disorder that occurs in about 5% of school-age children, most often in boys, and frequently persists into young adulthood.
Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2011 May;9(105):23-8 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Another Extended-Release Alpha2-Agonist for ADHD

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 7, 2011;  (Issue 1357)
The FDA has approved an extended-release formulation of clonidine hydrochloride (Kapvay– Shionogi) for treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children 6-17 years old. It is the second...
The FDA has approved an extended-release formulation of clonidine hydrochloride (Kapvay– Shionogi) for treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children 6-17 years old. It is the second alpha2-adrenergic agonist approved for this indication; guanfacine hydrochloride (Intuniv) was the first, but only clonidine is approved for use with stimulants.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2011 Feb 7;53(1357):10-2 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Guanfacine Extended-Release (Intuniv) for ADHD

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 18, 2010;  (Issue 1349)
An extended-release oral formulation of guanfacine hydrochloride (Intuniv – Shire), a selective alpha2A-adrenergic agonist, has been approved by the FDA for treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity...
An extended-release oral formulation of guanfacine hydrochloride (Intuniv – Shire), a selective alpha2A-adrenergic agonist, has been approved by the FDA for treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children 6-17 years old.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2010 Oct 18;52(1349):82-3 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Pain

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 1, 2010;  (Issue 92)
Pain can be acute or chronic. Chronic pain has been broadly classified into two types: nociceptive and neuropathic. Nociceptive pain can be treated with nonopioid analgesics or opioids. Neuropathic pain is less...
Pain can be acute or chronic. Chronic pain has been broadly classified into two types: nociceptive and neuropathic. Nociceptive pain can be treated with nonopioid analgesics or opioids. Neuropathic pain is less responsive to opioids; adjuvant medicines such as antidepressants and anticonvulsants are often used to treat neuropathic pain. Combining different types of analgesics may provide an additive analgesic effect without increasing adverse effects.
Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2010 Apr;8(92):25-34 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Hypertension

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • January 1, 2009;  (Issue 77)
Drugs available in the US for treatment of chronic hypertension, with their dosages, adverse effects and costs, are listed in the tables that begin on page 2. Combination products are listed on page 9. Drugs...
Drugs available in the US for treatment of chronic hypertension, with their dosages, adverse effects and costs, are listed in the tables that begin on page 2. Combination products are listed on page 9. Drugs for treatment of hypertensive emergencies are not discussed here. They were reviewed in Treatment Guidelines (volume 1, page 19, December 2002) and in The Medical Letter (volume 50, page 73, September 22, 2008).
Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2009 Jan;7(77):1-10 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs That May Cause Psychiatric Symptoms

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • December 15, 2008;  (Issue 1301)
Many drugs can cause psychiatric symptoms, but a causal connection is often difficult to establish. Psychiatric symptoms that emerge during drug treatment could also be due to the underlying illness, previously...
Many drugs can cause psychiatric symptoms, but a causal connection is often difficult to establish. Psychiatric symptoms that emerge during drug treatment could also be due to the underlying illness, previously unrecognized psychopathology, or psychosocial factors. The withdrawal of some drugs can cause symptoms such as anxiety, psychosis, delirium, agitation or depression.

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Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2008 Dec 15;50(1301):100-3 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Tobacco Dependence

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 1, 2008;  (Issue 73)
Peptic ulcers caused by treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are mainly gastric ulcers. The greater the number of office visits and the longer the counseling time, the higher the smoking...
Peptic ulcers caused by treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are mainly gastric ulcers. The greater the number of office visits and the longer the counseling time, the higher the smoking cessation rates have been.
Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2008 Sep;6(73):61-5 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Pain

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 1, 2007;  (Issue 56)
Pain can be acute or chronic. Chronic pain has been broadly classified into two types: nociceptive and neuropathic. Nociceptive pain is generally treated with nonopioid analgesics and opioids. Antidepressants...
Pain can be acute or chronic. Chronic pain has been broadly classified into two types: nociceptive and neuropathic. Nociceptive pain is generally treated with nonopioid analgesics and opioids. Antidepressants and anticonvulsants have been used to treat neuropathic pain. Combining two different types of analgesics may nprovide an additive analgesic effect without increasing adverse effects.
Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2007 Apr;5(56):23-32 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Ziconotide (Prialt) for Chronic Pain

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • December 5, 2005;  (Issue 1223)
The FDA has approved ziconotide (Prialt - Elan) intrathecal infusion for management of severe chronic pain in patients who are intolerant of or refractory to other treatments. Ziconotide is a synthetic neuronal...
The FDA has approved ziconotide (Prialt - Elan) intrathecal infusion for management of severe chronic pain in patients who are intolerant of or refractory to other treatments. Ziconotide is a synthetic neuronal N-type calcium channel blocker. It is intended for use with a programmable implanted microinfusion device, but an external microinfusion device can be used temporarily.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2005 Dec 5;47(1223):103-4 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Hypertension

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 1, 2005;  (Issue 34)
Drugs available in the US for treatment of chronic hypertension, with their dosages, adverse effects and costs, are listed in the tables that begin on page 40. Combination products are listed on page 47. Drugs...
Drugs available in the US for treatment of chronic hypertension, with their dosages, adverse effects and costs, are listed in the tables that begin on page 40. Combination products are listed on page 47. Drugs for treatment of hypertensive emergencies are not discussed here.
Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2005 Jun;3(34):39-48 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Treatment of Menopausal Vasomotor Symptoms

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • December 6, 2004;  (Issue 1197)
Estrogen is the most effective treatment for menopausal vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes), but the Women's Health Initiative study found that women who took estrogen plus a progestin for more than 5 years were...
Estrogen is the most effective treatment for menopausal vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes), but the Women's Health Initiative study found that women who took estrogen plus a progestin for more than 5 years were at increased risk for myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary emboli, deep vein thrombosis, breast cancer, and possibly dementia. Are there effective alternatives?
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2004 Dec 6;46(1197):98-9 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Tobacco Dependence

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 1, 2003;  (Issue 10)
Tobacco dependence is a chronic illness that may require pharmacological treatment (MC Fiore et al, JAMA 2000; 283:3244; DPL Sachs in JE Hodgkin et al, eds, Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Guidelines to Success, 3rd...
Tobacco dependence is a chronic illness that may require pharmacological treatment (MC Fiore et al, JAMA 2000; 283:3244; DPL Sachs in JE Hodgkin et al, eds, Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Guidelines to Success, 3rd ed, Philadelphia; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000, page 261).
Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2003 Jun;1(10):65-8 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Atomoxetine (Strattera) for ADHD

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 3, 2003;  (Issue 1149)
Atomoxetine (Strattera - Lilly) is the first non-stimulant drug to be approved by the FDA for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Unlike other drugs approved for use in ADHD, it is not...
Atomoxetine (Strattera - Lilly) is the first non-stimulant drug to be approved by the FDA for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Unlike other drugs approved for use in ADHD, it is not a controlled substance and is approved for use in adults as well as children. Older non-stimulant drugs that have been used to treat ADHD, although not FDA-approved, include the alpha2-agonist clonidine (Catapres, and others) and the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine (Norpramin, and others) (Medical Letter 1996; 38:109).
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2003 Feb 3;45(1149):11-2 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Hypertension

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 1, 2003;  (Issue 6)
Drugs available in the US for treatment of chronic hypertension, with their dosages, adverse effects and costs, are listed in the table that begins on page 35. Combination products are listed on page 39. Drugs...
Drugs available in the US for treatment of chronic hypertension, with their dosages, adverse effects and costs, are listed in the table that begins on page 35. Combination products are listed on page 39. Drugs for treatment of hypertensive emergencies were discussed in Treatment Guidelines volume 1, issue 4, page 19, December 2002.
Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2003 Feb;1(6):33-40 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs That May Cause Psychiatric Symptoms

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 8, 2002;  (Issue 1134)
Many drugs can cause psychiatric symptoms, but a causal connection is often difficult to establish. Psychiatric symptoms that emerge during drug treatment may also be due to the underlying illness, previously...
Many drugs can cause psychiatric symptoms, but a causal connection is often difficult to establish. Psychiatric symptoms that emerge during drug treatment may also be due to the underlying illness, previously unrecognized psychopathology, or psychosocial factors. The withdrawal of some drugs can cause symptoms such as anxiety, psychosis, delirium, agitation or depression.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2002 Jul 8;44(1134):59-62 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Hypertension

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 5, 2001;  (Issue 1099)
Drugs available in the USA for treatment of chronic hypertension, their dosages and adverse affects are listed in the table and discussed in the...
Drugs available in the USA for treatment of chronic hypertension, their dosages and adverse affects are listed in the table and discussed in the text.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2001 Mar 5;43(1099):17-22 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs that may cause Cognitive Disorders in the Elderly

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 27, 2000;  (Issue 1093)
Older patients are especially susceptible to drug-induced cognitive impairment. They are more likely to be taking multiple drugs, to have higher blood levels of those drugs because of renal or hepatic...
Older patients are especially susceptible to drug-induced cognitive impairment. They are more likely to be taking multiple drugs, to have higher blood levels of those drugs because of renal or hepatic dysfunction, and to have pre-existing cognitive problems that make it difficult to detect the role of drugs causing new symptoms or making old ones worse.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2000 Nov 27;42(1093):111-2 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Hypertension

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 12, 1999;  (Issue 1048)
Drugs available in the USA for treatment of chronic hypertension, their dosages and adverse affects are listed in the table and discussed in the...
Drugs available in the USA for treatment of chronic hypertension, their dosages and adverse affects are listed in the table and discussed in the text.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1999 Mar 12;41(1048):23-8 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Tizanidine for Spasticity

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 4, 1997;  (Issue 1004)
Tizanidine (Zanaflex - Athena Neurosciences) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for oral treatment of increased muscle tone associated with spasticity. It has been available in Europe...
Tizanidine (Zanaflex - Athena Neurosciences) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for oral treatment of increased muscle tone associated with spasticity. It has been available in Europe and Japan for 12 years as a short-term muscle relaxant.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1997 Jul 4;39(1004):62-3 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Acute Reactions to Drugs of Abuse

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 10, 1996;  (Issue 974)
Acute toxic reactions to drugs of abuse continue to be important problems. Since the last Medical Letter article on this subject (volume 32, page 92, 1990), new reactions and new approaches to treating them...
Acute toxic reactions to drugs of abuse continue to be important problems. Since the last Medical Letter article on this subject (volume 32, page 92, 1990), new reactions and new approaches to treating them have been reported.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1996 May 10;38(974):43-6 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Use of Nicotine to Stop Smoking

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • January 20, 1995;  (Issue 940)
Many patients ask physicians to help them stop smoking. Since nicotine gum and patches were first marketed (Medical Letter, 26:47, 1984; 34:37, 1992), more data have become available on their effective use,...
Many patients ask physicians to help them stop smoking. Since nicotine gum and patches were first marketed (Medical Letter, 26:47, 1984; 34:37, 1992), more data have become available on their effective use, and new formulations of the drug have been developed. Because of its slower rate of absorption, nicotine from gum or patches does not produce the pleasure some people associate with cigarette smoking, but it can relieve the irritability, difficulty in concentrating and other symptoms that occur after withdrawal from smoking.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1995 Jan 20;37(940):6-8 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Adderall and Other Drugs for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 25, 1994;  (Issue 936)
A drug that combines the neutral sulfate salts of dextroamphetamine and racemic amphetamine with the dextro isomer of amphetamine saccharate and d,l amphetamine aspartate (Adderall - Richwood Pharmaceutical)...
A drug that combines the neutral sulfate salts of dextroamphetamine and racemic amphetamine with the dextro isomer of amphetamine saccharate and d,l amphetamine aspartate (Adderall - Richwood Pharmaceutical) has recently been promoted for treatment of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This same mixture of amphetamine salts was previously marketed as Obetrol for treatment of obesity.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1994 Nov 25;36(936):109-10 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Acute Reactions to Drugs of Abuse

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 5, 1990;  (Issue 828)
...
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1990 Oct 5;32(828):92-4 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Hypertensive Emergencies

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 7, 1989;  (Issue 789)
Hypertensive emergencies include hypertensive encephalopathy, intracranial hemorrhage with hypertension, aortic dissection, acute pulmonary edema with hypertension, acute cardiac ischemia with hypertension,...
Hypertensive emergencies include hypertensive encephalopathy, intracranial hemorrhage with hypertension, aortic dissection, acute pulmonary edema with hypertension, acute cardiac ischemia with hypertension, malignant hypertension and severe hypertension after vascular surgery; hypertensive crisis due to pheochromocytoma or occurring during pregnancy is not discussed in this review. Although immediate reduction of blood pressure is necessary in hypertensive emergencies, an excessive decrease may cause stroke, myocardial infarction or visual changes. Most experienced clinicians aim initially for a 25% decrease in mean arterial pressure, with a minimum diastolic pressure of 100 mm Hg; lower pressures may be indicated for patients with aortic dissection.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1989 Apr 7;31(789):32-4 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction